E12: Bundjalung^

AIATSIS code: 
E12
AIATSIS reference name: 
Bundjalung^

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Name
Thesaurus heading language
Bundjalung language E12
Thesaurus heading people
Bundjalung people E12
ABN name
Bandjalang language
ABS name
Bandjalang
Horton name
Bundjalung
Ethnologue name
Bandjalang
ISO 639-3 code
bdy
Tindale name
Badjalang
Tindale (1974)
Badjelang, Budulung (paidjal = badjal = man), Buggul (g read as dj), Paikalyung, Paikalyug, Bandjalang, Bandjalong, Bunjellung, Bundela, Bundel, Widje (horde or hordes at Evans Head), Watchee, Woomargou.
O'Grady et al (1966)
Bandjalang, Bunjellung, Bundela, Bundel, Watchee
Glottocode
band1339
Other sources
-
Synonyms
Bandjalang, Arakwal, Badjulung, Banjalang, Birihn, Dinggabal, Geinyan, Gidabal, Jukambal, Jukambe, Kalibal, Keinjun, Kitabal, Minjunbal, Ngarahgwal, Nyangbal, Wahlubal, Widjubal, Wiyabal, Wudjehbal, Yugambeh, Badjalang, Badjelang, Bandjalong, Bandjelang, Bandyalang, Bandjalung, Bunjalung, Wuhyebal
Comment
Comments: 

Sharpe coined the name Yugambeh - Bundjalung as a cover term for a group of dialects from north-east New South Wales and south-east Queensland (2005) and produced a dictionary (on CDROM) of Yugambeh - Bundjalung in 2013.

The name Bundjalung has been used as a language name for a number of related dialects since the 1940s, sometimes with the phonemic spelling /Bandjalang/ (Crowley and Sharpe in Sharpe, 1996:17). It also refers to one of the varieties, termed Bundjalung proper, spoken around Coraki (cf. Crowley (1978:151) and Sharpe (2005)). Thus, Bundjalung is both a language name and a dialect name.

Wafer and Lissarrague report that Wuyehbal is another name for Bundjalung E12 (2008:355).

See also: Birihn E72; Casino language E73; Ngarabal E92; Dinggabal E16.1; Galibal E15; Geynyan D36; Gidhabal E14; Mananjahli E76; Minyangbal E18; Arakwal E13; Nerang Creek language E77; Nganduwal E78; Ngarahgwal E79; Nyangbal E75; Wahlubal E16.2; Wehlubal E80; Wiyabal E16; Wudjebal E96 and Yugambeh E17.

 

References: 
  • Crowley, Terry. 1978. The Middle Clarence dialects of Bandjalang (Includes 1940s Bandjalang grammar by W. E. Smythe): Research and Regional Studies 12. Canberra: AIAS.
  • Oates, Lynette F. 1975. The 1973 supplement to a revised linguistic survey of Australia. Armidale: Armidale Christian Book Centre.
  • Oates, William J. & Lynette F. Oates. 1970. A revised linguistic survey of Australia: Australian Aboriginal Studies 33, Linguistic Series 12. Canberra: AIAS.
  • Sharpe, Margaret. 1996. An introduction to the Yugambeh-Bundjalung language and its dialects. Armidale: the Author
  • Sharpe, Margaret. 2005. Grammar and texts of the Yugambeh-Bundjalung dialect chain in Eastern Australia. München: Lincom Europa.
  • Wafer, Jim, and Amanda Lissarrague. 2008. A handbook of Aboriginal languages of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Nambucca Heads: Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative.
Status: 
Confirmed
Location
State / Territory: 
NSW
Location information: 

Coraki and Bungawalbin Creek (Crowley 1978).

... dialect the north coast of NSW from north of Grafton and the Clarence River in the coastal area to the Logan River in southeast Queensland, inland to Drake (east of Tenterfield), out to Warwick and Allora in Queensland, and along the upper Clarence River and its tributaries (ALRRC).

 

 

Maps: 
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PDF icon Oates_E12.pdf
Tindale 1974
OLAC
SIL
Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative
ABC Open - A conversation in Bundjalung
ABC Open - Heads
shoulders
knees and toes
ABC Open - Bundjalung language detectives
ABC Open - Cabbage Tree's untold stories
ABC Open - Sharing Bundjalung
Bundjalung - Yugambeh Dictionary
Awaye! Word Up: Joe Geia helps unlock creativity at Balund-a
Awaye! Word Up: Too Much Lip: Melissa Lucashenko's unflinching sixth novel
Awaye! Word Up: A very difficult poem about a very difficult topic wins poetry prize
Programs
Activities: 
-
People: 
Terry Crowley, Margaret Sharpe
Indigenous organisations: 

Junbung Aboriginal Elders Corporation

Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Cooperative https://muurrbay.org.au/

Speakers
Year Source Speaker numbers
1975Oates-
1984Senate-
1990Schmidt20+
1996Census-
2001Census-
2004NILS20
2005Estimate20
2006Census95
2011Census133
2016Census113

Speaker numbers were measured differently across the censuses and various other sources listed in AUSTLANG. You are encouraged to refer to the sources.

Speaker numbers for ‘NILS 2004’ and ‘2005 estimate’ come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB).

Documentation
Type Documentation Status Documentation Score
Word list Medium (100-200 pages) 3
Text Collection Large (more than 200 pages) 4
Grammar Small grammar (100-200 pages) 3
Audio-visual More than 10 3
Manuscript note: 
tape transcription/field note available
Grammar: 

Crowley, Terry. 1978. The middle Clarence dialects of Bandjalang. Canberra: AIAS.

Sharpe, Margaret, Marjorie Oakes, Terry Crowley & Jill Fraser-Knowes. 1996. An introduction to the Yugambeh-Bundjalung language and its dialects. Armidale NSW : Armidale College of Advanced Education.

Sharpe, Margaret. 2005. Grammar and texts of the Yugambeh-Bundjalung dialect chain in Eastern Australia. Munich: Lincom.

 

Dictionary: 

Sharpe, Margaret. 1994. Bundjalung. In Macquarie Aboriginal words: a dictionary of words from Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages, eds. N Thieberger, W McGregor, 1-22. North Ryde: Macquarie Library.

Sharpe, Margaret. 1995 Dictionary of Western Bundjalung: including Gidhabal and Tabulam Bundjalung. Armidale, NSW: Margaret Sharpe.

Sharpe, Margaret. 2000. Dictionary of Eastern Bundjalung including Minyanbal and Ngahnduwal , ms.

Sharpe, Margaret. 2002. Dictionary of Coastal Bundjalung: including Bandjalang, Wiyabal, Minyangbal and Ngahnduwal. Armidale, NSW: [The Author].

Sharpe, Margaret. 2013. All Yugambeh-Bundjalung dictionary. Armidale, NSW: [The Author] + CDROM.

 

Classification
Source Family Group Sub-group Name Relationship
Ethnologue (2005) Pama-Nyungan Bandjalangic   Bandjalang Bandjalang [dialects: Gidabal (Gidhabal), Yugumbir.]
Dixon (2002)   CENTRAL EAST COAST GROUP   Bandjalang Bandjalang Cunningham (1969), Geytenbeek and Geytenbeek (1971), Crowley (1978) further dialects include: Yugumbir, Nganduwal, Minjangbal, Njangbal, Biriin, Baryulgil, Waalubal, Dinggabal, Wiyabal, Gidabal, Galibal, Wudjeebal
Wurm (1994) Pama-Nyungan Bandjalangic   Bandjalang  
Walsh (1981) Pama-Nyungan Bandjalangic   Bandjalang Bandjalang [dialects: Bandjalang, Yugumbee, Biriin, Dinggabal]
Oates (1975) Pama-Nyungan Bandjalangic   Bandjalang  
Wurm (1972) Pama-Nyungan Bandjalangic   Bandjalang (Bandjalong)  
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966) Pama-Nyungan Bandjalangic   Badjelang