L6: Barngarla

AIATSIS code: 
L6
AIATSIS reference name: 
Barngarla

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Name
ABN name
Barngarla Language (Previously Parnkarla language)
ABS name
-
Horton name
Banggarla
Ethnologue name
Banggarla
ISO 639-3 code
bjb
Tindale name
Pangkala
Thesaurus heading language
Barngarla language L6
Thesaurus heading (old)
Parnkalla / Barngarla / Bungala language (L6) (SA SI53-04)
Tindale (1974)
Banggala (valid alternative pronunciation), Bahn-gala, Pankalla, Parkalla (typographical error), Parnkalla, Parn-kal-la, Parnkala, Punkalla, Bangala, Bungela, Pan-karla, Punkirla, Bungeha (probably misreading of Bungela), Kortabina (place name), Willeuroo (basic meaning 'west,' or 'westerner'), Arkaba-tura (men of Arkaba, a place in the northeast corner of tribal territory where they met Jadliaura people), Wanbirujurari ('men of the seacoast'; said of the southern hordes by those in the north), Willara, Kooapudna (horde around Franklin Harbour), Kooapidna.
O'Grady et al (1966)
Pankarla, Parnkala, Bangala, Banggala, Bahanga-la, Pankalla, Punkalla, Bungela, Bungeha, Kortabina
Glottocode
bang1339
Other sources
Pangkarla [Hercus 1994]
Synonyms
Banggarla, Bangalla, Arkaba tura, Ba:Nggala, Ba:njgala, Bahanga la, Bahngala, Bangala, Banggala, Barngarla, Bungeha, Bungala, Bungela, Kooapidna, Kooapudna, Kortabina, Pangkala, Pankala, Pankalla, Pankarla, Parkalla, Parn kal la, Parnkala, Punkalla, Punkirla, Wanbirujurari, Willara, Willeuroo, Pangkarla, Bahn gala, Pan karla
Comment
Comments: 

Barngala is a member of the Thura-Yura L63 sub-group of Pama-Nyungan. Other members include Kaurna L3; Ngadjuri L5; Nukunu L4; Narangga L1; Adnyamathanha L10; Kuyani L9; Nauo L2 and Wirangu C1, which exhibits some differences with the Thura-Yura languages. One particular cultural-linguistic feature uniquely Thura-Yura is the use of ten birth-order names. Another are the regular pronoun forms unique to the sub-group (Simpson & Hercus 2004:179).

References: 
  • Beddome, Harry L. 1868. Marachowie. In Curr (ed.), The Australian Race, vol. 2, pp. 132-135.
  • Clendon, Mark. 2015. Clamor Schürmann's Barngarla grammar: a commentary on the first section of A vocabulary of the Parnkalla language. Adelaide: University of Adelaide Press. (L P230.004/1)
  • Curr, Edward Micklethwaite. 1886-87. The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia, and the routes by which it spread itself over that continent. Melbourne: John Ferres, Government Printer; London: Trübner.
  • Hercus, Luise Anna. 1992. A Nukunu dictionary. Canberra: Department of Linguistics, The Faculties, Australian National University.
  • Hercus, Luise. 1999. A grammar of the Wirangu language from the West Coast of South Australia: Pacific Linguistics C-150. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
  • Hercus, Luise & Jane Simpson. 2001. The tragedy of Nauo. In Forty years on: Ken Hale and Australian languages, ed. Jane Simpson, et al., 263-290. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
  • Mobile Language Team: <https://www.mobilelanguageteam.com.au/languages/barngarla>
  • Sawers, A.D. 1886. Gawler Range. In Curr (ed.) The Australian Race, vol. 2, pp. 130-132.

  • Simpson, J & L Hercus. 2004. Thura-Yura as a subgroup, in (Bowern & Koch eds) Australian Languages : classification and the comparative method. Amsterdam/Philadelphia : John Benjamins.

  • Tindale, Norman B. 1974. Aboriginal tribes of Australia: their terrain, environmental controls, distribution, limits, and proper names. Berkeley: University of California Press/Canberra: Australian National University Press.
Status: 
Confirmed
Location
State / Territory: 
SA
Location information: 

East side of Lake Torrens south of Edeowie and west of Hookina and Port Augusta; west of Lake Torrens to Island Lagoon and Yardea; at Woorakimba, Hesso, Yudnapinna, Gawler Ranges; south to Kimba, Darke Peak, Cleve, and Franklin Harbour (Tindale 1974). Port Lincoln, to the north beyond Franklin Harbour and the interior (Schurmann 1987:152-3 as quoted in Hercus and Simpson 2001:264).

Maps: 
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PDF icon Oates_L6.pdf
Tindale 1974
OLAC
SIL
Mobile Language Team
Awaye! Word Up: Jenna Richards
Programs
Activities: 
-
People: 
Luise Hercus
Indigenous organisations: 
-
Speakers
Year Source Speaker numbers
1975Oates-
1984Senate-
1990Schmidt-
1996Census-
2001Census-
2004NILS-
2005Estimate0
2006Census-
2011Census-
2016Census-

Speaker numbers were measured differently across the censuses and various other sources listed in AUSTLANG. You are encouraged to refer to the sources.

Speaker numbers for ‘NILS 2004’ and ‘2005 estimate’ come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB).

Documentation
Type Documentation Status Documentation Score
Word list Less than 20 pages 1
Text Collection None 0
Grammar None 0
Audio-visual Less than 1 1
Manuscript note: 
tape transcription/field note available (vocabulary)
Grammar: 
-
Dictionary: 

Schürmann, C, Simpson, J and O'Grady, J. A vocabulary of the Parnkalla language, ASEDA 0256.

Classification
Source Family Group Sub-group Name Relationship
Ethnologue (2005) Pama-Nyungan South-West Yura Banggarla  
Dixon (2002)   SPENCER GULF BASIN AREAL GROUP Yura subgroup* Parnkalla Parnkalla Schürmann (1844)
Wurm (1994) Pama-Nyungan South-West   Banggarla  
Walsh (1981) Pama-Nyungan South-West Yura Banggarla (Pangkala)  
Oates (1975) Pama-Nyungan Southern Western Desert Type Yura Banggala (Pangkala)  
Wurm (1972) Pama-Nyungan Southwest (or Nyungic) Yura Pangkala (Pankarla, Parnkala, Pankalla, Banggala)  
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966) Pama-Nyungan Southwest Yura Pangkala