D6.1: Kureinji

AIATSIS code: 
D6.1
AIATSIS reference name: 
Kureinji

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Name
Thesaurus heading language
Thesaurus heading people
ABN name
-
ABS name
-
Horton name
Kureinji
Ethnologue name
-
ISO 639-3 code
-
Tindale name
Kureinji
Tindale (1974)
Kareingi (valid alternative), Karin, Kerinma, Ka-rinma, Karingma, Grangema, Garnghes, Orangema (misprint), Kinenekinene, Kianigane, Keramin, Kemendok, Pintwa, Jungeegatchere.e
O'Grady et al (1966)
Karin, Kerinma, Karinma, Karingma, Orangema, Keramin, Kemendok, Pintwa
Glottocode
-
Other sources
Gurendji [map on the NSW Aboriginal Languages Reserch and Resource Centre web site, http://www.alrrc.nsw.gov.au/default.aspx?nav_id=32, sighted on 18 November 2008]
Synonyms
Keramin, etc, Gureinji, Karin, Kerinma, Karinma, Karingma, Orangema, Kemendok, Pintwa, Gure:ndji, Gurendji, Kureinyi, Kareingi, Ka rinma, Grangema, Garnghes, Kinenekinene, Kianigane, Jungeegatchere
Comment
Comments: 

Hercus says that this is a dialect of Paakantyi D12 (1993); note her Paakantyi grammar and dictionary is mainly on Southern Paakantyi D61.

Keramin, an alternative name for Kureinji, is used by Dixon (2002), Horgen (2004), Wurm (1994) and Walsh (1981).

Wafer and Lissarrague (2008:30) are the only source to use Keramin in contrast with Kureinji (and Yari-Yari S24), though they note that the status of these names is uncertain: 'Any or all of them may be distinct varieties of this language, or just different names for it.'

 

References: 
  • Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. Australian languages: their nature and development: Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hercus, Luise Anna. 1993. Paakantyi dictionary. Canberra: the author.
  • Horgen, Michael. 2004. The languages of the Lower-Murray, Department of Linguistics, Latrobe University: MA. (MS 4456 CD).
  • Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred R. 1918, 1923. Notes on the social organization of Australian tribes. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 48:222-253; 53:424-447.
  • Tindale, Norman B. 1974. Aboriginal tribes of Australia: their terrain, environmental controls, distribution, limits, and proper names. Berkeley: University of California Press/Canberra: Australian National University Press.
  • Walsh, Michael. 1981. Maps of Australia and Tasmania. In Language atlas of the Pacific area Pt 1, eds S. A. Wurm and Shirô Hattori. Canberra: Australian Academy of the Humanities.
  • Wafer, Jim, and Amanda Lissarrague. 2008. A handbook of Aboriginal languages of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Nambucca Heads: Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative.
  • Wurm, Stephen. 1994. Australian classification. In Atlas of the world's languages, eds C. Moseley and R. E. Asher, 114-118. New York: Routledge.
Status: 
Confirmed
Location
State / Territory: 
NSW
Location information: 

... the lower Murray from the Darling-Murray junction down to the Rugus River and Lake Victoria, and extended northwards on the Darling to Avoca (Hercus 1993:10).

... the country around the junction of the Darling and Murray rivers, apparently extending down the latter as far as Lake Victoria (Radcliffe-Brown 1918:248).

From Wentworth on northern bank of Murray River downstream to Chowilla and Ral Ral, So. Aust., on western and the Anabranch of the Darling River to Popilta Lake; on the main Darling River upsteam to Avoca (Tindale 1974).

 

Maps: 
-
Links
Programs
Activities: 
-
People: 
Michael Horgen
Indigenous organisations: 
-
Speakers
Year Source Speaker numbers
1975Oates-
1984Senate-
1990Schmidt-
1996Census-
2001Census-
2004NILS1-
2005Estimate-
2006Census-
2011Census-
2014NILS2
2016Census-
2018-2019NILS3

Speaker numbers were measured differently across the censuses and various other sources listed in AUSTLANG. You are encouraged to refer to the sources.

Speaker numbers for ‘NILS 2004’ and ‘2005 estimate’ come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB).

Documentation
Type Documentation Status Documentation Score
Word list Less than 20 pages 1
Text Collection None 0
Grammar A few articles 1
Audio-visual None 0
Manuscript note: 
not available
Grammar: 
-
Dictionary: 
-
Classification
Source Family Group Sub-group Name Relationship
Ethnologue (2005)          
Dixon (2002)   LOWER MURRAY AREAL GROUP   Keramin (or Kureinji, etc.) Keramin (or Kureinji, etc.)
Wurm (1994) Pama-Nyungan Ngarinyeric-Yithayithic   Keramin  
Walsh (1981) Pama-Nyungan Ngarinyeric-Yithayithic   Keramin (Kureinyi)  
Oates (1975) Pama-Nyungan Narrinyeric Ngult Gure:ndji  
Wurm (1972) Pama-Nyungan Narrinyeric Ngult Kureinyi  
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966) Pama-Nyungan Narrinyeric Ngult Kureinji