D12: PAAKANTYI / PAAKANTJI / BARKINDJI

AIATSIS code:

D12

AIATSIS reference name:

PAAKANTYI / PAAKANTJI / BARKINDJI

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Name

Thesaurus heading language	Paakantyi / Paakantji / Barkindji language D12
Thesaurus heading people	Paakantyi / Paakantji / Barkindji people D12
ABN name	Barkindji language (previously Baagandji language)
ABS name	Paakantyi
Horton name	Barkindji
Ethnologue name	Darling
ISO 639-3 code	drl
Tindale name	-
Tindale (1974)
O'Grady et al (1966)
Glottocode	darl1243
Other sources	Barkandji [ALRRC]
Synonyms	Paakantyi, Baagandji, Darling, Barkindji, Ba:gundji, Baagandyi, Bagandji, Bagundji, Bahkunji, Bahkunjy, Bahroongee, Bahroonjee, Bakandi, Bakandji, Bakanji, Bandjagal, Bandjangali, Bargunji, Barindji, Barinji, Barkinghi, Barkinjee, Barkinji, Barkungee, Barkunjee, Barongee, Baroongee, Barrengee, Barrongee, Barundji, Barundyi, Barunga, Barungi, Beriait, Berri ait, Berriait, Bpaagkon jee, Bpaaroon jee, Bpaaroo, Bungyarlee, Burunga, Kaiela, Kornoo, Kurnu, Mailpurglu, Mil pulko, Ngunnhalgri, Pa:kindzi, Paakanji, Paakantji, Paakanytji, Pakindji, Parkengee, Parkingee, Parkungi, Parkunji, Paroinge, Paroo, Parooinge, Paru, Paruindi, Paruindji, Paruinji, Parundji, S, Baigundji, Unelgo, Wimbaja, Ba:gandji, Barkandji, Bagandji

Comment

Comments:

Hercus says the dialects of the Paakantyi (D12) language are Kurnu D25, Wanyiwalku D21, Pantyikali D17, Naualko D19, Southern Paakantyi D61, Wilyakali D16, Thangkaali D14, Parrintyi D48, Marawara D6 and Paaruntyi D47 (1993). Further, Hercus (2006 p.c.) considers Bulali D11 to be a subdivision of Wiyakali D16.

Following Hercus, Wafer and Lissarrague divide the Darling River language into two groups: Northern Darling River or Paakantyi (D12), Paaruntyi D47, Kurnu D25, Nhaawuparlku (Nhaawarlku) D19 and Milpulo D59. Southern Darling River includes Southern Paakantyi D61, Wilyaali (~Wilyakali) D16, Thaangkali (~Thangkakali) D14, Pulaali (Pulakali) D11, Wanyuparlku (~Wanyiwalku) D21, Pantyikali D17, Marrawarra D6, Parrintyi D48.

The term 'paaka' is defined as 'river, the Darling River in particular'; the suffix '-ntyi' means 'belonging to, originating from' (Hercus 1982 in Wafer & Lissarrague, 2008:263, 266). Note that Hercus's Paakantyi grammar and dictionary is mainly on Southern Paakantyi D61.

References:

Hercus, Luise Anna. 1993. Paakantyi dictionary. Canberra: the author.
Hercus, Luise Anna. 1994. Paakantyi. in Thieberger, N. & McGregor W. (ed) Macquarie Aboriginal words: a dictionary of words from Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages. North Ryde: Macquarie Library.
Tindale, Norman B. 1974. Aboriginal tribes of Australia: their terrain, environmental controls, distribution, limits, and proper names. Berkeley: University of California Press/Canberra: Australian National University Press.
Wafer, Jim, and Amanda Lissarrague. 2008. A handbook of Aboriginal languages of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Nambucca Heads: Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative.

Status:

Confirmed

Location

State / Territory:

NSW

Location information:

Plains southwest of Broken Hill from near Tandou Lake, southwestward to Mount Bryan and Burra Creek, northwest of Morgan, So. Aust., chiefly in the more arid country extending generally eastward to within a few miles of the Darling River (Tindale 1974).

Maps:

Links

Search MURA people®

Search MURA language®

Awaye! Word Up: Fish kill the canary in a coal mine for the Barka

Visit Mungo

50 Words

Programs

Activities:

Wilcannia Central School developed a language learning CD-ROM in 2005. Joining The Dreaming Aboriginal Corporation at Broken Hill is developing language kits with posters, workbooks DVD (2007). In May 2012 an 18-month course in Paakantji started at Menindee Central School.

People:

Luise Hercus, Murrdi Paaki Regional Enterprise, Joining The Dreaming Aboriginal Corporation at Broken Hill

Indigenous organisations:

Regional Enterprise Development Institute Ltd - https://redie.org.au/

Indigenous Languages and Arts program Language centres list - https://www.arts.gov.au/documents/indigenous-languages-and-arts-program-language-centres

Speakers

Year	Source	Speaker numbers
1975	Oates	-
1984	Senate	-
1990	Schmidt	-
1996	Census	-
2001	Census	-
2004	NILS1	-
2005	Estimate	4
2006	Census	22
2011	Census	47
2014	NILS2	40
2016	Census	42
2018-2019	NILS3

Speaker numbers were measured differently across the censuses and various other sources listed in AUSTLANG. You are encouraged to refer to the sources.

Speaker numbers for ‘NILS 2004’ and ‘2005 estimate’ come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB).

Documentation

Type	Documentation Status	Documentation Score
Word list	Medium (100-200 pages)	3
Text Collection	Small (20-100 pages)	2
Grammar	Large grammar (more than 200 pages)	4
Audio-visual	More than 10	3

Manuscript note:

tape transcription/field note available (song, vovabulary)

Grammar:

Hercus, Luise. 1982. The Bagandji language: Pacific Linguistics B6.7 Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

Dictionary:

Hercus, Luise. 1993 Paakantyi dictionary. Canberra: Luise Hercus.

Classification

Source	Family	Group	Name	Relationship
Ethnologue (2005)	Pama-Nyungan	Baagandji	Darling	Darling [dialects: Kula, Wiljakali (Wilyagali), Bagundji (Baagandji, Bagandji). Bagundji dialect is widely understood by others (1970 Oates).]
Dixon (2002)			Baagandji	Baagandji Hercus (1982) further dialects: Gurnu (Guula), Naualko, Baarrundji, Wiljaali, Dhanggaali, Bulaali, WanjubarIgu, Bandjigali, Barrindji, Marrawarra (Marawara, Maraura)
Wurm (1994)	Pama-Nyungan	Baagandji	Baagandji
Walsh (1981)	Pama-Nyungan	Baagandji	Baagandji
Oates (1975)	Pama-Nyungan	Darling	Ba:gandji
Wurm (1972)	Pama-Nyungan	Darling
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966)	Pama-Nyungan	Darling