The classification of 'language - dialect - patrilect' for Arandic languages in this database is challenging, due to multilingualism and the differing terminology (language, dialect, variety, patrilect) used by different researchers. The difference in world views between Aboriginal and western categories of 'language' also come into play.
Wilkins (in Henderson 2013:12) provides an overview of the Arandic languages with two major sub-groups: Artwe (~Urtwe) composed of Upper Arrernte: (Eastern Arrernte C8, Western Arrernte C47, Alyawarr C14, Anmatyerr C8.1) and Lower Arrernte: (Lower South Arandic).
The name 'Eastern and Central Arrernte language' C8 is used by Broad (2008), Green (1994) and Henderson and Dobson (1994).
Wilkins (in Henderson 1994:12) defines Eastern Arrernte as a language with dialects including Northern Arrernte, Mparntwe Arrernte, Ikngerre-ipenhe (Eastern), Antekerrepenhe C12 and Akarre C28.
See also Pertame C46; Lower Arrernte C29; Ayerrerenge G12; Antekerrepenhe C12 and Akarre C28. The other major subgroup is called Artweye, with one member Kaytetye C13.
Previously, both AustLang and the Thesaurus did not distinguish all Arandic varieties. Consequently there may be items in the AIATSIS collection indexed with the 'Arrernte language C8' heading which may relate more specifically to one of the varieties listed above, especially Western Arrarnta C47; this may also apply to Documentation Scores. The Speaker Numbers in this record also apply to Anmatjarra C8.1 and Alyawarra C14.
Breen, Gavan. 2001. The Wonders of Arandic phonology. In Simpson, Jane, David Nash, Mary Laughren, Peter Austin and Barry Alpher eds. Forty years on: Ken Hale and Austalian languages: Pacific Linguistics 512. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Broad, Neil. 2008. Eastern and Central Arrernte picture dictionary. Alice Springs: IAD Press. Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. Australian languages: their nature and development: Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Green, Jenny. 1994. A learner's guide to Eastern and Central Arrernte. Alice Springs: IAD Press. Hale, Kenneth L. 1962. Internal relationships in Arandic of Central Australia. In Some linguistic types in Australia, ed. A. Capell, 171-185. Sydney: University of Sydney. Henderson, John, and Veronica Dobson. 1994. Eastern and Central Arrernte to English dictionary. Alice Springs: IAD Press.
Henderson, John, and Veronica Dobson. 2021. Eastern and Central Arrernte to English dictionary. 2nd edition. Alice Springs: IAD Press.
Henderson, John. 2013. Topics in Eastern and Central Arrernte Grammar. Muenchen: LINCOM Europa. Koch, Harold. 2001. Basic vocabulary of the Arandic languages: from classification to reconstruction. In Forty years on: Ken Hale and Australian languages, ed. Jane Simpson, et al., 71-87. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Koch, Harold. 2004. The Arandic subgroup of Australian languages. In Australian languages: classification and the comparative method, eds Claire Bowern and Harold Koch, 127-150. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Roennfeldt, David. 2006. Western Arrarnta picture dictionary. Alice Springs: IAD Press.
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Speaker numbers were measured differently across the censuses and various other sources listed in AUSTLANG. You are encouraged to refer to the sources.
Speaker numbers for ‘NILS 2004’ and ‘2005 estimate’ come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB).
