S64: Dharug / Darug | AIATSIS Collection

AIATSIS code:

S64

AIATSIS reference name:

Dharug / Darug

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Name

Thesaurus heading language	Dharug / Darug language S64
Thesaurus heading people	Dharug / Darug people S64
ABN name	Dharug language
ABS name	Other Australian Indigenous Languages, nec (Dharuk etc.)
Horton name	Dharug
Ethnologue name	-
ISO 639-3 code	-
Tindale name	Daruk
Tindale (1974)	Bidjigal, Dharruk, Dharrook, Dhar'rook, Darrook, Dharug, Broken Bay tribe.
O'Grady et al (1966)	Oharruk, Dharrok
Glottocode	-
Other sources	Darrkinyung [Wafer and Lissarrague 2008] Dharruk (Mathews 1903), Dharoog [Kohen & Steele 2009:223-4]
Synonyms	Sydney, Dharuk, Other Australian Indigenous Languages, Dharuk etc, Daruk, Oharruk, Dharrok, Darrkinyung, Dharruk, Dharrook, Darrook, Broken Bay tribe

Comment

Comments:

Attenbrow (2002) distinguishes Coastal S61 (sometimes referred to as Eora) and Hinterland dialects of Dharug (S64).

Kohen and Steele (2009:223-24) differentiate between coastal and inland Dharug varieties, noting that Parramatta appears to have been the boundary between the two.

Troy describes two dialects of the Sydney language, she indicates that neither Dharug (S64) nor Eora S61 are in the historical record as language names; written variations of the word Eora are defined as 'people, Aboriginal people' (2019: 37).

References:

Attenbrow, Valerie. 2002. Sydney's Aboriginal past: investigating the archaeological and historical records Sydney: UNSW Press.
Kohen, Jim & Jeremy Steele. 2009 [1993]. An introduction to the Dharug language. In Blue Mountains Dreaming: the Aboriginal heritage, eds E. Stockton and J. Merriman, 223-228. Lawson: Blue Mountains Education and Research Trust.
Troy, Jakelin. 1994. The Sydney language. Canberra : Aboriginal Studies Press.
Troy, Jakelin. 2019. The Sydney language. 2nd edition. Canberra : Aboriginal Studies Press.

Status:

Confirmed

Location

State / Territory:

NSW

Location information:

'Darug, hinterland dialect − on the Cumberland Plain from Appin in the south to the Hawkesbury River in the north; west of the Georges River, Parramatta, the Lane Cove River and Berowra Creek (Attenbrow 2002:34).

... extending along the coast to the Hawkesbury River, and inland to what are now the towns of Windsor, Penrith, Campbelltown, and intervening towns (Mathews 1903, in Kohen & Steele 2009:224).

Maps:

Links

Search MURA people®

Search MURA language®

Awaye! Word Up: Fernando's ghost

Dharug and Dharawal resources

How we can all use Dharug dhalang every day

Programs

Activities:

Darug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation is working on the establishment of community language centre in order to run language classes and support he Primary and High School (2007).

People:

William Dawes, Jim Kohen, Jakelin Troy, W. Tench, D. Southwell, R.H. Mathews, J. Hunter, D. Collins, John Rowley

Indigenous organisations:

Dharug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation - https://darugcorporation.com.au/

Dharug Ngurra Aboriginal Corporation - https://www.dharugngurra.org.au/

Speakers

Year	Source	Speaker numbers
1975	Oates	-
1984	Senate	-
1990	Schmidt	-
1996	Census	-
2001	Census	-
2004	NILS1	12?
2005	Estimate	0
2006	Census	-
2011	Census	-
2014	NILS2
2016	Census	-
2018-2019	NILS3

Speaker numbers were measured differently across the censuses and various other sources listed in AUSTLANG. You are encouraged to refer to the sources.

Speaker numbers for ‘NILS 2004’ and ‘2005 estimate’ come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB).

Documentation

Type	Documentation Status	Documentation Score
Word list	Small (20-100 pages)	2
Text Collection	None	0
Grammar	A few articles	1
Audio-visual	None	0

Manuscript note:

Grammar:

Dictionary:

Troy, Jakelin. 2019. The Sydney language. 2nd edition. Canberra : Aboriginal Studies Press.

Classification

Source	Family	Group	Sub-group	Name	Relationship
Ethnologue (2005)
Dixon (2002)		SYDNEY SUBGROUP*		Dharuk	Dharuk possible further dialect names: Gamaraygal, Iora
Wurm (1994)	Pama-Nyungan	Yuin-Kuric		Dharuk
Walsh (1981)	Pama-Nyungan	Yuin-Kuric	Iyora	Dharuk	Dharuk [dialects: Guringgai (Kuringgai), Iyora]
Oates (1975)	Pama-Nyungan	Yuin-Kuric	Iora	Dharuk
Wurm (1972)	Pama-Nyungan	Yuin-Kuric	Kuri	Dharuk
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966)	Pama-Nyungan	Yuin-Kuric	Yuin	Daruk