N15: Emmi

AIATSIS code: 
N15
AIATSIS reference name: 
Emmi

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Name
Thesaurus heading language
Thesaurus heading people
ABN name
Ami language
ABS name
Arnhem Land and Daly River Region Languages, nec (Emmi)
Horton name
Maranunggu (Ami)
Ethnologue name
Ami
ISO 639-3 code
amy
Tindale name
Amijangal
Tindale (1974)
Ami
O'Grady et al (1966)
Glottocode
amii1238
Other sources
Berringin (Basedow 1906) [Ford 1998 - today the term 'Berringin' is used by outsiders to refer to the Marrithiyel (N7)] Emmi, Emi, Ami, Emmi Yangal (the name for the people who own the Emmi language), Amijanal, Murrinh Menthe (name used by Murrinh-patha speakers), Murrinh Emi [Top End Handbook]
Synonyms
Emmi/Merranunggu, Warrgat, Arnhem Land, Daly River Region Languages, Ami, Maranunggu, Amijangal, Emmiyangal, Manhthi Yangal, Maranjwarrgat, Menhtha, Merranunggu, Ami Ami, Ame, Berringin, Western Daly language.
Comment
Comments: 

According to Top End handbook, Emmi, Marranj Warrgat N13 and Menthe N6 are in a dialectal relationship, in a language called Marranj N215 (Top End Handbook).

Emmi is a sister dialect to Menthe N6, on the coast to the south, and to Merranunggu N13, to the west. Its Western Daly relative, Marrithiyel N7, is in the hinterland to the south, and on its northern border is Batjamalh N31, a dialect of the typologically very different Anson Bay language (Green & Nordlinger, viewed November 2020).

Green and Nordlinger classify this as a Western Daly non Pama-Nyungan language along with Marramaninjsji N16,  Merranunggu N13, Menthe N6, Marri Ngarr  N102, Makati ke N163, Marrithiyel N7, Marri Tjevin N161, Marri Ammu N162, and Marri Dan N9.

 

References: 
  • Ford, Lysbeth Julie. 1998. A description of the Emmi language of the Northern Territory of Australia, Australian National University: PhD.
  • Ford, Lysbeth Julie. 2013. A description of the Emmi language of the Northern Territory of Australia. Muenchen : LINCOM EUROPA (published version of the above PhD thesis)
  • Green, Ian & Nordlinger, Rachel. The Daly Languages (Australia). Web Resource http://dalylanguages.org
  • Basedow, Herbert. 1907. Anthropological notes on the western coastal tribes of the Northern Territory of South Australia. Royal Society of South Australia -- Transactions 31:1-62.
  • Tindale, Norman B. 1974. Aboriginal tribes of Australia: their terrain, environmental controls, distribution, limits, and proper names. Berkeley: University of California Press/Canberra: Australian National University Press.
  • Baker, Brett. New Top End Handbook (FileMaker database). (ASEDA 0626).
Status: 
Confirmed
Location
State / Territory: 
NT
Location information: 

Traditional territory: Between Banagaya (red Cliff) and Mabulhuk (Cape Ford) (Ford 1998:8). Current speakers are in Belyuen, a Government settlement on the Cox Peninsula, Bagal, an outstation on the coast of Anson Bay and Wadeye (Ford 1998). from Cape Ford to a point about 18 1/2 miles north of Point Pearce (Basedow 1907:2). Stanner (1970 MS) maps them as on the coast south of the mouth of Daly River, extending south to about Red Cliff (Tindale 1974).

Emmi occupies a coastal strip to the south of the mouth of the Daly River, extending from the Cliff Head region down towards Red Cliff... The Emmi community is today based primarily at Belyuen .. (Green & Nordlinger viewed November 2020).

 

Maps: 
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Links
Programs
Activities: 
-
People: 
Lysbeth Ford
Indigenous organisations: 
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Speakers
Year Source Speaker numbers
1975Oates40
1984Senate-
1990Schmidt-
1996Census-
2001Census-
2004NILS1-
2005Estimate0
2006Census-
2011Census-
2014NILS2
2016Census-
2018-2019NILS3

Speaker numbers were measured differently across the censuses and various other sources listed in AUSTLANG. You are encouraged to refer to the sources.

Speaker numbers for ‘NILS 2004’ and ‘2005 estimate’ come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB).

Documentation
Type Documentation Status Documentation Score
Word list Less than 20 pages 1
Text Collection Small (20-100 pages) 2
Grammar Large grammar (more than 200 pages) 4
Audio-visual 1-10 2
Manuscript note: 
tape transcription/field note available
Grammar: 

Ford, Lysbeth. 1998. A description of the Emmi language of the Northern Territory of Australia. Australian National University, PhD thesis.

Dictionary: 
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Classification
Source Family Group Sub-group Name Relationship
Ethnologue (2005) Daly Bringen-Wagaydy Wagaydy Ami Ami [dialects: May be intelligible with Wadjiginy]
Dixon (2002)   DALY RIVER AREAL GROUP Western Daly subgroup* Emmi/Merranunggu(=Warrgat) Emmi/Merranunggu(=Warrgat) Ford (1998) further dialects Menhthe (close to Emmi)
Wurm (1994) Daly Bringen-Wagaydy   Ami  
Walsh (1981) Daly Bringen-Wagaydy Wagaydy (Wogaidy) Ami  
Oates (1975) Daly Bringen-Wagadj Wagadj Ame  
Wurm (1972) Daly Brinken-Wagaty Wagaty Ame  
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966)