D12: PAAKANTYI / PAAKANTJI / BARKINDJI

AIATSIS code: 
D12
AIATSIS reference name: 
PAAKANTYI / PAAKANTJI / BARKINDJI

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Name
Thesaurus heading language
Thesaurus heading people
ABN name
Barkindji language (previously Baagandji language)
ABS name
Paakantyi
Horton name
Barkindji
Ethnologue name
Darling
ISO 639-3 code
drl
Tindale name
-
Tindale (1974)
O'Grady et al (1966)
Glottocode
darl1243
Other sources
Barkandji [ALRRC]
Synonyms
Paakantyi, Baagandji, Darling, Barkindji, Ba:gundji, Baagandyi, Bagandji, Bagundji, Bahkunji, Bahkunjy, Bahroongee, Bahroonjee, Bakandi, Bakandji, Bakanji, Bandjagal, Bandjangali, Bargunji, Barindji, Barinji, Barkinghi, Barkinjee, Barkinji, Barkungee, Barkunjee, Barongee, Baroongee, Barrengee, Barrongee, Barundji, Barundyi, Barunga, Barungi, Beriait, Berri ait, Berriait, Bpaagkon jee, Bpaaroon jee, Bpaaroo, Bungyarlee, Burunga, Kaiela, Kornoo, Kurnu, Mailpurglu, Mil pulko, Ngunnhalgri, Pa:kindzi, Paakanji, Paakantji, Paakanytji, Pakindji, Parkengee, Parkingee, Parkungi, Parkunji, Paroinge, Paroo, Parooinge, Paru, Paruindi, Paruindji, Paruinji, Parundji, S, Baigundji, Unelgo, Wimbaja, Ba:gandji, Barkandji, Bagandji
Comment
Comments: 

Hercus says the dialects of the Paakantyi (D12) language are Kurnu D25, Wanyiwalku D21, Pantyikali D17, Naualko D19, Southern Paakantyi D61, Wilyakali D16, Thangkaali D14, Parrintyi D48, Marawara D6 and Paaruntyi D47 (1993). Further, Hercus (2006 p.c.) considers Bulali D11 to be a subdivision of Wiyakali D16.

Following Hercus, Wafer and Lissarrague divide the Darling River language into two groups: Northern Darling River or Paakantyi (D12), Paaruntyi D47, Kurnu D25, Nhaawuparlku (Nhaawarlku) D19 and Milpulo D59. Southern Darling River includes Southern Paakantyi D61, Wilyaali (~Wilyakali) D16, Thaangkali (~Thangkakali) D14, Pulaali (Pulakali) D11, Wanyuparlku (~Wanyiwalku) D21, Pantyikali D17, Marrawarra D6, Parrintyi D48

The term 'paaka' is defined as 'river, the Darling River in particular'; the suffix '-ntyi' means 'belonging to, originating from' (Hercus 1982 in Wafer & Lissarrague, 2008:263, 266). Note that Hercus's Paakantyi grammar and dictionary is mainly on Southern Paakantyi D61.

 

References: 
  • Hercus, Luise Anna. 1993. Paakantyi dictionary. Canberra: the author.
  • Hercus, Luise Anna. 1994. Paakantyi. in Thieberger, N. & McGregor W. (ed) Macquarie Aboriginal words: a dictionary of words from Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages. North Ryde: Macquarie Library.
  • Tindale, Norman B. 1974. Aboriginal tribes of Australia: their terrain, environmental controls, distribution, limits, and proper names. Berkeley: University of California Press/Canberra: Australian National University Press.
  • Wafer, Jim, and Amanda Lissarrague. 2008. A handbook of Aboriginal languages of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Nambucca Heads: Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative.

Status: 
Confirmed
Location
State / Territory: 
NSW
Location information: 

Plains southwest of Broken Hill from near Tandou Lake, southwestward to Mount Bryan and Burra Creek, northwest of Morgan, So. Aust., chiefly in the more arid country extending generally eastward to within a few miles of the Darling River (Tindale 1974).

 

Maps: 
-
Links
Programs
Activities: 

Wilcannia Central School developed a language learning CD-ROM in 2005. Joining The Dreaming Aboriginal Corporation at Broken Hill is developing language kits with posters, workbooks DVD (2007). In May 2012 an 18-month course in Paakantji started at Menindee Central School.

People: 
Luise Hercus, Murrdi Paaki Regional Enterprise, Joining The Dreaming Aboriginal Corporation at Broken Hill
Indigenous organisations: 

Regional Enterprise Development Institute Ltd - https://redie.org.au/

Indigenous Languages and Arts program Language centres list - https://www.arts.gov.au/documents/indigenous-languages-and-arts-program-language-centres

Speakers
Year Source Speaker numbers
1975Oates-
1984Senate-
1990Schmidt-
1996Census-
2001Census-
2004NILS1-
2005Estimate4
2006Census22
2011Census47
2014NILS240
2016Census42
2018-2019NILS3

Speaker numbers were measured differently across the censuses and various other sources listed in AUSTLANG. You are encouraged to refer to the sources.

Speaker numbers for ‘NILS 2004’ and ‘2005 estimate’ come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB).

Documentation
Type Documentation Status Documentation Score
Word list Medium (100-200 pages) 3
Text Collection Small (20-100 pages) 2
Grammar Large grammar (more than 200 pages) 4
Audio-visual More than 10 3
Manuscript note: 
tape transcription/field note available (song, vovabulary)
Grammar: 

Hercus, Luise. 1982. The Bagandji language: Pacific Linguistics B6.7 Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

Dictionary: 

Hercus, Luise. 1993 Paakantyi dictionary. Canberra: Luise Hercus.

Classification
Source Family Group Sub-group Name Relationship
Ethnologue (2005) Pama-Nyungan Baagandji   Darling Darling [dialects: Kula, Wiljakali (Wilyagali), Bagundji (Baagandji, Bagandji). Bagundji dialect is widely understood by others (1970 Oates).]
Dixon (2002)       Baagandji Baagandji Hercus (1982) further dialects: Gurnu (Guula), Naualko, Baarrundji, Wiljaali, Dhanggaali, Bulaali, WanjubarIgu, Bandjigali, Barrindji, Marrawarra (Marawara, Maraura)
Wurm (1994) Pama-Nyungan Baagandji   Baagandji  
Walsh (1981) Pama-Nyungan Baagandji   Baagandji  
Oates (1975) Pama-Nyungan Darling   Ba:gandji  
Wurm (1972) Pama-Nyungan Darling      
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966) Pama-Nyungan Darling