According to Breen (2006 p.c.), Mandandanyi D44, Gunggari D37 and Kogai could all refer to the same language, spoken roughly in the area where Tindale located Mandandanji D44 and Kunggari D37. The names Gunggari and possibly Kogai originate in a Wangkumara L25 word for 'east', 'kungkari', while the name Mandandanyi comes from the word 'manda' meaning 'go', a word found in the Maranoa-Balonne-Nebine area. From the location of Kogai given by Ridley (1875) and Mathews (1904), it appears 'Kogai tribes' might include Guwamu (Kooma) D33. Tindale (1974) uses Kogai as the name of the language spoken by the Mandandanji D44, Kunggari D37 and Barrungam D40, but Kite (2004) treats Barunggam as a dialect of Waga-Waga E28. In this database, Kogai is treated as a language name and Mandandanyi D44, Gunggari D37 and Guwamu D33 are treated as potential dialects of Kogai although, as Breen says, these terms could just be alternative names for Kogai. In one of a series of fact sheets, the Condamine Alliance (2013) explains that Kogai refers to a cluster of related languages along the Maranoa-Balonne River including Barrunggam, Mandandanji and Gunggari. According to the fact sheet, Kogai is related to the Maric languages to the west (Gunggari and Bidjara), but also shares some vocabulary with Mandandjanji to the east. The Alliance reports that, though Ridley and Mathews located Kogai along the Coogoon, Maranoa and Balonne rivers, it is not identified by Traditional Owners.