G1: Wangkamanha / Wankamadla

AIATSIS code: 
G1
AIATSIS reference name: 
Wangkamanha / Wankamadla

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Name
Thesaurus heading language
Wangkamanha / Wankamadla language G1
Thesaurus heading people
Wangkamanha / Wankamadla people G1
ABN name
-
ABS name
-
Horton name
Wangkamana
Ethnologue name
-
ISO 639-3 code
-
Tindale name
Lanima (Wanggamanha)
Tindale (1974)
Wanggamanha (language name), Wonggaman.
O'Grady et al (1966)
Glottocode
-
Other sources
Wonggaman (AIAS), Wonggawan, Wanggamala (both Capell), Wonkamala (Howitt), Wonkamudla (Mathews), Wanggamanha, Wangkamana [Blake and Breen 1971:170] Wangkamanha, Wangkamala and Tharlimanha [Breen 2007 p.c.]
Synonyms
Lhanima, Tharlimanha, Wangga Manha, Wangkamana, Julaolinja, Lanima, Rungarungawa, Wangka yutjuru, Wongkadjera, Ju:lanja, Ju:lanji, Jura, Talimana, U la linya, U la linye, U lay linye, Ulaolinja, Ulaolinya, Uluonga, Wanggamala, Wanggamanha Wangkamana, Wanggamana, Wonggaman, Wonggawan, Wongkamala, Wonkamala, Wonkamudla, Yoolanlanya, Wangkamadla, Wanggamanha
Comment
Comments: 

See also Wanggamala C9, being the Wangkanguru L27 name for Wangkamanha.

Breen (2006 p.c.) said that Wangkamanha is a dialect of the same language as Wangka-Yutjurru G5, the name of which is also Wangka-Yutjurru (i.e. Wangka-Yutjurru is both language and dialect name).

Dixon (2002) considers Wangga-Manha G1 (also 'Tharlimanha') to be an alternative name for Lhanima G53, which is a dialect of the same language as Wangka-yutjuru G5, the others being Rangwa G48 and Yurla-Yurlanja (or Ulaolinya) G2.

The Queensland Indigenous Languages Advisory Committee (QILAC) also treats Wangkamanha as one of three 'child languages' of Wangka Yutjuru G5, the others being Rangwa G48 and Ulaolinya/Lanima. Note that they consider Ulaolinya G2 and Lanima G53 to be the same identity, distinct from Wangkamanha.

 

References: 
  • Blake, Barry & Gavan Breen. 1971. The Pitta-Pitta dialects: Linguistic Communications 4. Melbourne: Monash University.
  • Queensland Queensland Indigenous Languages Advisory Committee (QILAC). <http://ngardji.com.au/languages/1352>, viewed 19 July 2016.
  • Dixon, R.M.W. 2002. Australian languages: their nature and development: Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tindale, Norman B. 1974. Aboriginal tribes of Australia: their terrain, environmental controls, distribution, limits, and proper names. Berkeley: University of California Press/Canberra: Australian National University Press.
Status: 
Confirmed
Location
State / Territory: 
NT
QLD
Location information: 

Traditionally on Mulligan and lower Georgina Rivers (SCAL).

... at Carlo and on the upper Mulligan River (Roth 1897 in Blake and Breen 1971:11).

Lanima: Mulligan River north of Kaliduwarry Waterhole; boundaries not well documented (Tindale 1974). Julaolinja: At Carlo Springs on upper Mulligan River. They shifted east to Marion Downs in postcontact times. (Tindale 1974). Wongkamala: Northwest of Annandale, at Kalidawarry, lower portion of Field and Hay rivers; north along the lower Plenty River and in eastern segment of Arunta (sometimes called Simpson) Desert, includes areas carrying ['pitjuri] (Duboisia hopwoodii) shrubs the leaves of which they exploited in trade (Tindale 1974).

 

Maps: 
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Links

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Tindale 1974
Sourcebook for Central Australian Languages (1981): 

Kiyajarra (A52 ) in Sourcebook for Central Australian Languages (1981).

Wangkamala

Names of the language and different spellings that have been used:
Julajulanja (RLS), Lanima (RLS, Blake & Breen), Wangkamaa (Breen), Wanggamanha (RLS, AIAS), Wangkamanha (Breen), Wangkamadla (Blake & Breen), Wonggawan (RLS), Wonkamala (Howitt), Ulaolinya Uluonga (Mackie), Ulla-la-linya (RHM), Yuloolinya (Roth)
Classification of the language:
Karnic Group, Palku subgroup (orig. Pittapittic group)
Identification codes:
Oates '73: 72a
AIAS: G.002
Capell: G23
Present number and distribution of speakers:
Traditionally on Mulligan and lower Georgina Rivers. Extinct.
People who have worked intensively on the language:
None.
Practical orthography:
None.
Word lists:
None.
Grammar or sketch grammar:
Blake & Breen.
Material available on the language:
See also references in Blake, 1979.
Blake, Barry J. 1966. Report (to AIAS) on field trip Jul-Aug 1966. 2p. (Doc 66/430) (data on languages and informants of Pitta-Pitta, Ringa Ringa, Wangamana, Jalanga, Wagaja, Wanji,
Kalkatung).
---------- 1979. Pitta-Pitta, pp.182-242 in Handbook of Australian Languages [Vol. 1], ed. by R.M.W. Dixon and Barry J. Blake. Canberra: A.N.U. Press; Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Blake, Barry & J.G. Breen. 1971. The Pitta-Pitta dialects. Linguistic Communications 4:1-182. map. (incorporates 1971 ts. 53p. with same title) (Wangkamanha sketch grammar)
Roth, W.E. (nineteenth century material--see Blake, 1979)
Literacy material:
None.

Kathy Menning (comp.) and David Nash (ed.) 1981. © IAD Press

AIATSIS gratefully acknowledges IAD Press for permission to use this material in AUSTLANG.

Programs
Activities: 
-
People: 
Gavan Breen
Indigenous organisations: 
-
Speakers
Year Source Speaker numbers
1975Oates-
1984Senate-
1990Schmidt-
1996Census-
2001Census-
2004NILS1-
2005Estimate-
2006Census-
2011Census-
2014NILS2
2016Census-
2018-2019NILS3

Speaker numbers were measured differently across the censuses and various other sources listed in AUSTLANG. You are encouraged to refer to the sources.

Speaker numbers for ‘NILS 2004’ and ‘2005 estimate’ come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB).

Documentation
Type Documentation Status Documentation Score
Word list Less than 20 pages 1
Text Collection Less than 20 pages 1
Grammar None 0
Audio-visual 1-10 2
Manuscript note: 
tape transcription/field note available
Grammar: 
-
Dictionary: 
-
Classification
Source Family Group Sub-group Name Relationship
Ethnologue (2005)          
Dixon (2002)   LAKE EYRE BASIN AREAL GROUP North and west Lake Eyre Basin group Blake and Breen (1971) Lhanima (or Tharlimanha or Wangga-Manha) Wangka-yutjuru* further dialects: Rangwa (or Runga-Rungawa), Yurla-Yurlanja (or Ulaolinya), Lhanima (or Tharlimanha or Wangga-Manha)
Wurm (1994)          
Walsh (1981)          
Oates (1975)       Wanggamanha (G2)  
Wurm (1972)          
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966)