E16: Wiyabal

AIATSIS code: 
E16
AIATSIS reference name: 
Wiyabal

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Name
ABN name
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ABS name
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Horton name
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Ethnologue name
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ISO 639-3 code
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Tindale name
Widjabal
Thesaurus heading language
Wiyabal language E16
Thesaurus heading (old)
Widjabal / Wiyabal language (E16) (NSW SH56-03)
Tindale (1974)
Noowidal, Nowgyjul, Waibra, Ettrick tribe, Watji, Watchee.
O'Grady et al (1966)
Glottocode
-
Other sources
Wudjebal [Geytenbeek 1971] Wudjeebal [Crowley 1978]
Synonyms
Wudjeebal, Buggula, Ettrick tribe, Noowidal, Nowgyjul, Waibra, Wailbra, Watchee, Watji, Widjabal, Widje, Wijabal, Wuje, Wudjebal
Comment
Comments: 
Wiyabal is a member of the Yugambeh - Bundjalung dialect chain (Sharpe, 2005:vii). Sharpe indicates the name Wiyabal is derived from 'those who say wiya "you singular absolutive" (LIsmore)' (2001:7). Capell identifies Widjabal with Wiyabal (1966); he mentions that Wurm worked with Mrs Charlotte Williams at Woodenbong. Wafer and Lissarrague (2008:355) conclude that the term Widjabal (E16) refers to a subgroup of Wiyabal (E16) (2008:355). This database follows that convention and applies the code (E16) to both names. Wiyabal was previously listed under the code (E15.1) and the Languages Thesaurus listed Widjabal / Wiyabal under the code (E16). The Languages Thesaurus previously also listed Nyangbal under the same code (E16), but this is a different language which now has its own code, see E75. Not to be confused with Wudjebal E96 See also other dialects in the Bundjalung - Yugembeh dialect chain: Bundjalung E12; Birihn E72; Casino language E73; Ngarabal E92; Dinggabal E16.1; Galibal E15; Geynyan D36; Gidhabal E14; Mananjahli E76; Minyangbal E18; Nerang Creek language E77; Nganduwal E78; Wahlubal E16.2; Wehlubal E80; Wudjebal E96 and Yugambeh E17. Documentation for Bundjalung E12 may be relevant. See also Ngaraangbal E79.
References: 
  • Crowley, Terry. 1978. The Middle Clarence dialects of Bandjalang (Includes 1940s Bandjalang grammar by W. E. Smythe): Research and Regional Studies 12. Canberra: AIAS.
  • Oates, Lynette F. 1975. The 1973 supplement to a revised linguistic survey of Australia. Armidale: Armidale Christian Book Centre.
  • Sharpe, Margaret. 2005. Grammar and texts of the Yugambeh-Bundjalung dialect chain in Eastern Australia. München: Lincom Europa.
  • Wafer, Jim, and Amanda Lissarrague. 2008. A handbook of Aboriginal languages of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. Nambucca Heads: Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative.
Status: 
Confirmed
Location
State / Territory: 
NSW
Location information: 
Widjabal: Upper Richmond River from Kyogle south to Casino, east to Coraki; an inland tribe; Wijabal: Clarence and Richmond Rivers (Capell, 1966). ... Wiyabal was spoken around Lismore, Alstonville, Dunoon and Nimbin (Crowley, 1978:152).
Maps: 
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PDF icon Oates_E16.pdf
Tindale 1974
Bundjalung - Yugambeh Dictionary
Programs
Activities: 
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People: 
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Indigenous organisations: 
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Speakers
Year Source Speaker numbers
1975Oatesa few
1984Senate-
1990Schmidt-
1996Census-
2001Census-
2004NILS-
2005Estimate-
2006Census-
2011Census-
2016Census-

Speaker numbers were measured differently across the censuses and various other sources listed in AUSTLANG. You are encouraged to refer to the sources.

Speaker numbers for ‘NILS 2004’ and ‘2005 estimate’ come from 'Table F.3: Numbers of speakers of Australian Indigenous languages (various surveys)' in 'Appendix F NILS endangerment and absolute number results' in McConvell, Marmion and McNicol 2005, pages 198-230 (PDF, 2.5MB).

Documentation
Type Documentation Status Documentation Score
Word list None 0
Text Collection None 0
Grammar None 0
Audio-visual None 0
Manuscript note: 
not available
Grammar: 
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Dictionary: 
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Classification
Source Family Group Sub-group Name Relationship
Ethnologue (2005)
Dixon (2002) CENTRAL EAST COAST GROUP Wudjeebal Bandjalang Cunningham (1969), Geytenbeek and Geytenbeek (1971), Crowley (1978) further dialects include: Yugumbir, Nganduwal, Minjangbal, Njangbal, Biriin, Baryulgil, Waalubal, Dinggabal, Wiyabal, Gidabal, Galibal, Wudjeebal
Wurm (1994)
Walsh (1981)
Oates (1975) Pama-Nyungan Bandjalangic Wudjebal
Wurm (1972) Pama-Nyungan Bandjalangic Wudjebal
O'Grady, Voegelin and Voegelin (1966) Pama-Nyungan Bandjalangic Widjabal